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Capture of La Boisselle
La Boisselle was a village on the D 929 road, north-east of Amiens, at the junction of the D 104 to Contalmaison. To the north-west across the road, lay Ovillers. (By 1916, that village was called Ovillers by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) to avoid confusion with Ovillers La Boisselle south of the road, which was called La Boisselle.) In 1914, the village had Military operations began in the area after the beginning of the Great Retreat, which followed the defeat of the Franco-British armies in Belgium in August 1914. In September, French and German armies moving north from the Aisne, made reciprocal attempts to outflank their opponent to the north, which led to the Race to the Sea, during which the Battle of Albert (1914) was fought from
Trench warfare and mining began on the Somme front in late 1914, particularly at the west end of La Boisselle, where no man's land was unusually narrow. From a French offensive managed to capture a small amount of ground to the south-west of the village and both sides returned to mining and counter-mining, which continued through 1915. From April 1916, sixty-one mines were sprung around the ドイツ語:''Granathof'' at the south-west fringe of La Boisselle, some with explosive charges. In mid-July 1915, extensive troop and artillery movements north of the Ancre were seen by German observers and on 9 August, the arrival of the British was confirmed when a British soldier was captured.
On 1 July 1916, La Boisselle was attacked by the 34th Division of III Corps but the bombardment had not damaged the German deep-mined dug-outs ドイツ語:(''minierte stollen'') and a German listening post overheard a British telephone conversation, which gave away the attack to be made the next day. The III Corps divisions lost more than and failed to capture La Boisselle or Ovillers, gaining only small footholds near the boundary with XV Corps to the south and at ドイツ語:''Schwabenhöhe'', after the Lochnagar mine explosion had destroyed some of the defences of Reserve Infantry Regiment 110. The advance of the 103rd Brigade was over ground with a fold, which meant that the disastrous attack by the preceding brigades could not be seen as the brigade advanced to be engaged by artillery and machine-gun fire, which inflicted before the troops had reached the British front line.
The 19th (Western) Division was rushed forward from reserve, in case of a German counter-attack on Albert. The 19th Division continued the attack and captured most of the village by 4 July. After the Battle of Albert (1916) La Boisselle became a backwater. The village was re-captured by the Germans on 25 March 1918, during the retreat of the 47th (1/2nd London) Division and the 12th (Eastern) Division in Operation Michael, the German spring offensive. In the afternoon, air reconnaissance saw that the British defence of the line from Montauban and Ervillers was collapsing and the RFC squadrons in the area made a maximum effort to disrupt the German advance. The village and vicinity were captured by the Allies for the last time on 26 August, by the 38th (Welsh) Division during the Second Battle of Bapaume
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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